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Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological features of adult celiac disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods:From January 2016 to December 2019, the clinical data of 943 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension and visited the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected. All patients tested for serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody inmunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA). And patients with positive serum tTG-IgA underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy examination. To observe whether duodenal and ileal mucosal villi atrophy and histopathological examination was performed. Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, serum calcium, serum albumin level were compared between patients with and without celiac disease. T test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Serum tTG-IgA was positive in 30 patients, and 28 cases were finally diagnosed as celiac disease. The detection rate of celiac disease of Kazakh patients was higher than that of Uygur and Han patients (17.3%, 9/52 vs. 3.2%, 12/375 and 1.4%, 6/427), the detection rate of celiac disease of Uygur was higher than that of Han, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=7.65, 5.42 and 5.98, all P<0.05). The main clinical manifestations of 28 patients with celiac disease were weight loss or marasmus (71.4%, 20/28), iron deficiency anemia (67.9%, 19/28), persistent fatigue (57.1%, 16/28) and chronic diarrhea (53.6%, 15/28). The serum tTG-IgA level of patients with celiac disease was higher than that of patients without celiac disease ((131.97±64.58) CU vs. (7.58±1.92) CU), while the levels of BMI, hemoglobin, serum calcium and serum albumin were all lower than those of patients without celiac disease ((15.4±2.9) kg/m 2 vs. (23.8±3.4) kg/m 2, (110±28) g/L vs. (138±12) g/L, (1.70±0.20) mmol/L vs. (2.52±0.15) mmol/L, and (31.5±11.6) g/L vs. (48.2±7.3) g/L, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.473, 2.521, 2.641, 2.734 and 2.512, all P<0.05). Under gastroscopy all patients with celiac disease had atrophy of duodenal mucosal villi, which mainly appeared as nodular mucosal atrophy, grooves and fissure like changes, and villous atrophy was confirmed by histopathology. Conclusions:The detection rates of celiac disease in Kazakh and Uyghur in Xinjiang Uygur Antonomous Region are significantly higher than that of Han nationality. Celiac disease screening has a certain clinical significance.
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Objective:To compare using a rat model of post-stroke depression (PSD) the effect of 28 days of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with that of medium-intensity continuous training (MICT) on inflammation and neuron apoptosis induced by phosphatase and the deletion of a tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN).Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a SHAM, a PSD, an MICT and an HIIT group. Except in the SHAM group, blood flow in the middle cerebral artery was blocked for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion. Repeated but unpredictable mild stimulation was then applied to induce depression. The rats in the HIIT and MICT groups started 28 days of training 24 hours after the successful modeling. The running platform speed was adjusted according to the lactic acid threshold and the maximum speed was measured weekly. In the SHAM group the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery were only separated without occlusion and there was no depressive stimulation. Any improvements in depression were detected using the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test. The expression of PTEN, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) were detected using western blotting. The expression of cysteine-containing, aspartate-specific proteases (caspase-3) was detected immunohistochemically.Results:Compared with the SHAM group, the PSD group′s average immobility time in the swimming test was significantly longer and its average sucrose consumption was significantly less. Compared with the PSD group, the rats in the MICT and HIIT groups showed, on average, significantly more sucrose consumption and shorter immobility time, indicating that their depression was ameliorated. The expression of PTEN, NF-κB and NLRP3 in the MICT and HIIT groups was, on average decreased significantly compared with the PSD group. The HIIT group′s averages were at the same time significantly lower than those of the MICT group. Average caspase-3 levels in the dentate gyrus of the MICT and HIIT group rats were significantly lower than in the PSD group, with the HIIT group′s average significantly lower than that of the MICT group.Conclusions:Both high- and medium-intensity interval training show neuroprotective effects. They inhibit activation of the PTEN/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, reducing the expression of apoptotic proteins in the hippocampus. Higher intensity training has a more obvious antidepressant effect.
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Objective:To observe the effect of contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) on the recovery of upper limb motor function after a stroke.Methods:Stroke survivors 1 to 6 months after onset were randomly divided into a CCFES group (14 cases, group A), a CCFES intensive group (14 cases, group B) and a neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (15 cases , group C). In addition to routine rehabilitation training, groups A and B received contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation, while Group C received routine neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Group B was treated twice daily, while the other two groups were given 1 session each day, 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Each session lasted 20 minutes. The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), surface electromyography and the active range of motion for wrist dorsiflexion were used to evaluate the subjects′ upper limb function before and after the treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in any of the measurements among the three groups before the treatment. After the treatment, all of them had improved significantly, with the improvements in groups A and B significantly greater than in group C, on average.Conclusions:Both normal and intensive contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation have significant advantages over neuromuscular electrical stimulation in promoting functional recovery of the upper limbs. Intensive CCFES training is superior to routine training in improving muscle strength and range of motion.
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Objective:To explore the effect of high-frequency and low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the unaffected pharyngeal motor cortex of dysphagic stroke survivors.Methods:Forty-two stroke survivors with dysphagia were enrolled and randomly divided into a high-frequency stimulation group ( n=14), a low-frequency stimulation group ( n=13), and a sham group ( n=15). All received conventional swallowing training. The high- and low-frequency stimulation groups additionally received 250 pulses of 5Hz or 1Hz rTMS over the cortical representation of the mylohyoid muscle on the unaffected side daily for 2 consecutive weeks. In the sham group, sham rTMS was applied with identical protocols. Before and after the intervention, all subjects were subjected to a videofluoroscopic swallowing study and surface electromyography (sEMG). They were also evaluated using the fuctional dysphagia scale (FDS) and the penetration aspiration scale (PAS). Results:After the intervention, a significant improvement was observed in the average PAS, FDS and sEMG results in both rTMS groups compared with the sham control group. The average FDS score of the high-frequency stimulation group had improved significantly more than that of the low-frequency group.Conclusions:rTMS of the contra-lesional cortical representation of the mylohyoid muscle at either 5Hz or 1Hz can effectively improve dysphagia post-stroke. The higher frequency gives superior results.
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Objective@#To investigate the influence of aluminum on microRNA29 (miR29) subtypes miR29a, miR29a*, miR29b1, miR29b2, miR29c1, and miR29c2 and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) in the brain of rats.@*Methods@#A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and 15, 30, and 45 μmol/kg groups according to the body weight, with 10 rats in each group. The rats were exposed to aluminum (at a dose of 0.1 ml/100 g body weight) by intraperitoneal injection for 8 weeks. The rats in control group were given 0.9% normal saline, and those in exposure groups were given aluminum-maltolate (equivalent volumesof maltolate and aluminum solution were mixed before exposure) . The cerebral cortex and hippocampus were isolated after exposure ended; Western blotting was used to measure the change in BACE1 expression, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression of miR29 subtypes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the 45 μmol/kg group had a significant increase in BACE1 expression in the cerebral cortex, and the 30 and 45 μmol/kg groups had significant increases in BACE1 expression in the hippocampus (all P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the 15, 30, and 45 μmol/kg groups had significant reductions in the mRNA expression of miR29a*, miR29b2, miR29c1, and miR29c2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (all P<0.01) , and the 45 μmol/kg group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression of miR29a and miR29b1 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (all P<0.05) . The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the mRNA expression of miR29a*, miR29b2, miR29c1, and miR29c2 and BACE1 expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (all P>0.05) , while the mRNA expression of miR29a and miR29b1 was negatively correlated with BACE1 expression (cerebral cortex: r=-0.987 and -0.981, P<0.05; hippocampus: r=-0.992 and -0.991, P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Aluminum can reduce the expression of miR29 subtypes and increase BACE1 expression in the brain, and the expression of miR29a and miR29b1 is negatively correlated with BACE1 expression.
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This paper was aimed to study the effects of Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction (HJD) on contents of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL),monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1),malondialdehyde (MDA),and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of atherosclerosis (AS) rats' liver homogenate.Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups,which were the normal control group,model group,positive control group (lovastatin),and the low-,middle-,high-dose HJD groups,with ten rats in each group.Except for the normal control group fed with normal diet,others were fed with high-fat diet,and regularly injected the vitamin D3.All groups were gavaged once daily from the 3rd week for 8 weeks until they were sacrificed.The results showed that compared with the normal control group,contents of MCP-1,VCAM-1 and Ox-LDL in the liver homogenate of the model group had significantly increased (p ＜ 0.05),after drug administration,all indexes mentioned above in the positive control group,the low-and middle-dose HJD group were decreased significantly (p ＜ 0.05);contents of MCP-1 and VCAM-1 of the high-dose HJD group decreased obviously (p ＜ 0.01);MDA content of liver homogenate increased significantly,after drug administration,contents of the positive control group and the low-dose HJD group decreased significantly (p ＜ 0.05);SOD content decreased significantly,after drug administration,contents of both the positive control group and the high-dose group increased significantly (p ＜ 0.05).It was concluded that HJD may play a role in AS intervention.Its mechanism may be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant reaction.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with pan retinal photocoagulation and trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma(NVG). Methods Seventeen eyes of 15 patients with NVG were treated by 0.5 mg Lucentis intravitreal injection first. Trabeculectomy was performed 7 days later and Pan retinal photocoagulation 2 weeks later. Iris,anterior chamber angle neovascularization,intraocu?lar pressure ,and visual acuity were observed in the following 6 months. Results Iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization were completely regressed 7 days after the injection in 17 eyes. Six months after photocoagulation, 6 eyes had different degrees of improvement in visual acuity,10 eyes no change in visual acuity and 1 eye decreased from anterior index to immediate manual. There was significant difference in pre?treatment IOP and postoperative IOP( t = 12.75 ,10.26 ,9.73 ,10.77 ,P < 0.01 ). No serious complications were observed after intravitreal injec?tion and trabeculectomy. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of Lucentis could significantly accelerate the regres?sion of iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization ,which could improve the successful rate of trabeculecto?my and pan retinal photocoagulation. Intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation is safe and effective for NVG.
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Purpose To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extraskeletal myxiod chondrosarcoma. Methods The clinical and pathological features were studied with HE and immunohistochemical staining in 5 cases of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and the related literatures were also reviewed. Results Extraskeletal myxoid chondro-sarcoma was male predominance (4 males: 1 female), and the age ranged from 32 to 62 years with an average of 52 years. Four tumors occurred in thigh and another in chest. Histologically, the neophlasm were composed of round and oval cells. Immunohisto-chemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin in five cases, synaptophysin expressed in one case, S-100 showed focal positivity in two cases, but negative for CK, p63, EMA, CD34, SMA in all cases. Molecular genetics detection shows chromosome exchange be-tween number 9 and 22. Conclusion Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor which has no special characteristics in clinical and iconography, and its diagnosis mainly depends on the histopathologic features, immunohistochemistry and molecular genet-ics. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma grows slowly, but have a high tendency for local recurrence and metastases.
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Objective To determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of levornidazole against 375 anaerobic isolates.Methods Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)of levornidazole,3 comparators (metronidazole,ornidazole and dextrornidazole)against 375 anaerobic isolates.Results For anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacilli,and anaerobic gram-positive cocci,levornidazole displayed activity similar to or slightly higher than that of met-ronidazole,ornidazole and dextrornidazole.Levornidazole showed good activity against B.fragilis,Bacteroides thetaiotaomi-cron ,Clostridium difficile ,Clostridium perfringens ,and Peptostreptococcus magnus .The MIC90 value of levornidazole a-gainst the above-mentioned anaerobes was 0.5,1,0.25,2 and 1 mg/L,respectively.However,levornidazole and the compa-rators had poor antibacterial activity against Veillonella spp.among anaerobic gram-negative cocci.Conclusions The in vitro anti-anaerobic activity of levornidazole is similar to or slightly higher than that of metronidazole, ornidazole and dex-trornidazole.Levornidazole has good activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobic bacilli,and gram-positive anaerobic cocci,suggesting its promising clinical use.
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More and more attention was aroused to'students' evaluating teaching'. However,there were still some problems in the issue,including the aim,methods,index system,reliability and efficiency,which reduced the effect of'students' evaluating teaching'. These problems were discussed here,and the countermeasures were put forward.